What is phosphatidylserine (PS)?
Phosphatidylserine is a natural phospholipid that constitutes an important component of cell membranes.
It exists in large amounts in brain nerve cells and is called “brain nutrients.” About 50% of the dry weight of the nerve cell membrane of the human brain is phospholipids.
It can improve nerve cell function, regulate the conduction of nerve impulses, improve brain memory, and prevent and reduce brain function decline.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) food natural sources
There are many natural food sources you can obtain, such as:
Meat:Bovine brain 7.13g/kg; Spleen(Pig) 2.39g/kg; Poultry(Leg) 1.34g/kg;Poultry(Breast) 0.85g/kg;Beef 0.69g/kg;Pork 0.57g/kg;Liver(Pig) 0.5g/kg;
Fish: Atlantic mackerel 4.8g/kg; Atlantic herring 3.6g/kg; Eel 3.35g/kg; Tuna 1.94g/kg
Dairy:Milk(3.5%Fat) 0.01g/kg
Others:Beans 1.07g/kg; Whole Grain 0.2g/kg;Rice(unpolished) 0.03g/kg
| Name | Phosphatidylserine content(mg/100g) |
| Meat | |
| Bovine brain | 713 |
| Innards(average value) | 305 |
| Spleen(Pig) | 239 |
| Kidney(Pig) | 218 |
| Poultry(Leg) | 134 |
| Poultry(average value) | 110 |
| Poultry(Breast) | 85 |
| Beef | 69 |
| Pork | 57 |
| Liver(Pig) | 50 |
| Fish | |
| Atlantic mackerel | 480 |
| Atlantic herring | 360 |
| Eel | 335 |
| Tuna | 194 |
| Crayfish | 40 |
| Cod | 28 |
| Dairy | |
| Milk(3.5%Fat) | 1 |
| Milk(1.5%Fat) | 0.5 |
| Others | |
| Beans | 107 |
| Whole Grain | 20 |
| Rice(unpolished) | 3 |
Phosphatidylserine vs. Phosphatidylcholine
Both phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine are important constituents of cell membranes.
Phosphatidylserine is mainly distributed in the inner cell membrane and concentrated in the brain.
Phosphatidylcholine is mainly distributed in the outer cell membrane and concentrated in the cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane.
Two hydroxyl groups of glycerol are esterified by various fatty acids, and the other hydroxyl group is combined with phosphoric acid. Phosphatidylcholine is combined with choline through an ether bond to form phosphatidylcholine, and serine is combined to form phosphatidylserine.
Both phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine are amphiphilic, i.e., hydrophilic and lipophilic. In vivo, PC can be converted to PS and not vice versa.
The main functions of phosphatidylserine: improve memory, relieve brain fatigue, improve attention and relieve ADHD in children; relieve muscle fatigue; relieve tension.
The main functions of phosphatidylcholine: are vascular Scavenger, protecting the liver, promoting the healthy development of brain cells, and blood sugar regulators.
Phosphatidylserine + GABA
GABA, or called γ-aminobutyric acid, is an important central nervous system inhibitory neurotransmitter with good water solubility and thermal stability.
PS and GABA are often used together to improve sleep disorders and regulate mood.
Phosphatidylserine Healthy Benefits
Improve Memory
(1) Repairing the aging caused by the reduction of nerve cell dendrites
(2) Promote the metabolism of glucose in the brain
(3) Stimulate brain synthesis of acetylcholine
(4) Increase the fluidity of the brain cell membrane
Relieve Mental Stress
(1) Phosphatidylserine can obviously reduce the level of excessive stress hormones in stressors, reduce stress and relieve brain fatigue.
(2) The level of neurotransmitters that affect the mood in the brain can promote concentration, improve alertness and memory, and help alleviate conflicting emotions (such as depression, etc.).
Effects of PS and DHA on depression in later life
Increase Attention
(1) Supplementation of PS can control impulsive personality and improve symptoms of depression and anxiety
(2) PS has improved effects on children who lack attention and related problems
Other random double-blind human experiments
| People | Subject situation | PS does | Test period | Result | References |
| 48 | Average 20.8 years old healthy young college student | 300mg/day | 1 month | Relieved | Benton et al. (2001) |
| 40 | The 18-21-year-old healthy young man | 200mg/day | 1 month | Relieved | Pasteur et al. (2002) |
| 15 | 6-12 years old children with ADHD | 200mg/day | Four months | Improved ADHD | Hirayama et al. (2006) |
| 36 | 4-14-year-old children with ADHD | 200mg/day | Two months | Improved ADHD | Hirayama et al. (2013) |
| 11 | 22.8±3.4-year-old weightlifter | 800mg/day | Two weeks | Improve muscle soreness | Fahey TD et al. (1998) |
Phosphatidylserine Dosage
Although a clear dose has not been determined for Phosphatidylserine, the analysis of different countries’ regulations and markets shows that the optimal treatment of PS is 100-300 mg/day.
PS Safety and Side Effects
The phosphatidylserine supplement does not appear to have any side effects. Initially, people are anxious about using phosphatidylserine sourced from cow brains for the risk of mad cow disease.
Currently, phosphatidylserine is usually sourced from soy lecithin, which is not associated with the same risks.
Please use it within the recommended daily dose. Excessive use may result in gas, stomach upset, and trouble sleeping. It is not recommended to use it with other drugs together because phosphatidylserine may affect certain medicines in your body. Talk to your doctor before taking this supplement.
Phosphatidylserine Regulations
| Country | Year | Content |
| FDA | Oct.2006 | PS has been approved by the US FDA for GRAS and can use as a nutritionally-fortified functional food ingredient in foods such as yogurt, milk powder, bread, and stable beverages. |
| South Korea | May 2006 | The Korea Food and Drugs Agency (KFDA) allows the promotion of phosphatidylserine-added products to promote and promote the related products with the function of “preventing low cognitive ability among the elderly.” |
| EU | Aug.2011 | EU officially approves phosphatidylserine as a new food ingredient |
| Japan | Feb 2010 | The drug-containing HBM included in the list of foods (non-pharmaceuticals) to which it belongs, and on February 05, 2010, an individual review of food additives passed. |
| China | Oct 2010 | Announcement No. 15 of the Ministry of Health of China approved as a new food ingredient in 2010 |
FDA (USA)
The US FDA officially approves the only ingredients that prevent and alleviate the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
The use and dosage of PS recommended in the US GRAS announcement:
| Food type | Food used | PS maximum usage
(mg/RACC) |
RACC
(g or mL) |
| Breakfast cereal | Ready-to-eat®ular hot food | 50 | 240 |
| Instant grain | 50 | 15-55 | |
| Dairy products | Milk replacer | 100 | 240 |
| Soy milk | 100 | 240 | |
| Cereal products | Nutrition bar | 100 | 240 |
| Milk products | Flavored milk and milk drinks, liquid | 100 | 240 |
| Milk, (conventional, skim milk, reconstituted milk) | 50 | 240 | |
| Milk-based meal replacement | 100 | 240 | |
| Yogurt | 100 | 225 | |
| Processing juice&
Fruit juice |
Fruity drink | 100 | 240 |
Standard requirements for PS in the EU announcement ((EC) No 258/97)
| Phosphatidylserine source from Soy lecithin | ||
| Parameter | powder form | Liquid form |
| Moisture | ≤2% | ≤2% |
| Phospholipids | ≥85% | ≥25% |
| Phosphatidylserine | ≥61% | ≥20% |
| Glyceryl ester | ≤2% | / |
| Free L-serine | ≤1% | ≤1% |
| Tocopherol | ≤0.3 | ≤0.3 |
| Phytosterol | ≤0.2 | ≤0.2 |
Application scope of PS in EU announcement ((EC)No 258/97,2015)
| Phosphatidylserine Dosage | |
| Lactic acid drink | 50mg/100mL |
| Milk solid powder | 40mg/100mL when drinking |
| Lactic acid food | 80mg/100g |
| Cereal Bar | 350mg/100g |
| Chocolate Candy | 200mg/100g |
| Dietary supplement | 300mg/day dose |
Ministry of Health, No. 15 of 2010, the standard requirements (China New Resources Food)
| English name | Phosphatidylserine | |
| Botanic source | Soy lecithin | |
| Molecular weight | 750-850 | |
| Consumption | ≤600mg/day | |
| Quality requirements | Appearance | Yellowish powder |
| Phosphatidylserine | 50.0-60.0% | |
| Acetone Insoluble Content | ≥95% | |
| Moisture | ≤2% | |
| The solvent residue (n-hexane) | ≤25 ppm | |
| Other instructions | The scope of use does not include infant food | |
Phosphatidylserine Bulk Powder
Cima Science Co., Ltd is an excellent supplier of bulk Phosphatidylserine(PS) in China. Specification with 50%-60% powder has sufficient inventory, and our product mainly has three advantages:
- PS high content — is benchmarked against top international products, far higher than other products at home and abroad.
- Fewer impurities — Our products contain only a small amount of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).Almost no phosphatidylcholine (PC)
- Good appearance — Our products have excellent color, odor, and fluidity.
Phosphatidylserine specification sheet
Phosphatidylserine active ingredient analysis
| Name | Essay | Test Method |
| Phosphatidylserine(PS) | 52.9% | HPLC |
| Phosphatidylcholine(PC) | 1.04% | HPLC |
| Phosphatidylinositol(PI) | 0.37% | HPLC |
| Phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) | 0.23% | HPLC |
Phosphatidylserine chromatogram
Phosphatidylserine manufacturing flow chart
Also, some related products we offer, such as Lecithin, Phosphatidylcholine(PC), Phosphatidic acid(PA), Alpha-GPC, CDP-Choline, Citicoline Sodium, Polyene Phosphatidylcholine, L-α-lysophosphatidylcholine, Silybin phosphatidylcholine.
The research literature on Phosphatidylserine
- Composition of Soybean Lecithin
- Effects of Phosphatidylserine on Exercise
- Phosphatidylserine (PS) and Age-Related Cognitive Decline (ARCD)
- Phosphatidylserine; Membrane Nutrient for Memory. A Clinical and Mechanistic Assessment
If you want to know Phosphatidylserine(PS) pricing and technical documents such as the COA, MSDS, please kindly send us an email.
Where to buy Phosphatidylserine powder?
Cima Science Co., Ltd is an excellent supplier of bulk Phosphatidylserine(PS) in China. 20%-70% of powder has sufficient inventory.
Specification
Soybean source: Phosphatidylserine 20%,50%,70%
Sunflower source: Phosphatidylserine 20%,50%,70%
Also, some related products we offer microencapsulating phosphatidylserine powder, Phosphatidylcholine(PC), Phosphatidic acid(PA), Alpha-GPC, CDP-Choline, and Citicoline Sodium.
